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<p>These are the punctuation symbols in C. The meaning of each symbol is detailed in the linked pages.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7B_.7D"> <code>{</code> <code>} </code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> In a <a href="struct.html" title="c/language/struct">struct</a> or <a href="union.html" title="c/language/union">union</a> definition, delimit the <span class="t-spar">struct-declaration-list</span>.
</li><li> In a <a href="enum.html" title="c/language/enum">enum</a> definition, delimit the enumerator list.
</li><li> Delimit a <a href="statements.html#Compound_statements" title="c/language/statements">compound statement</a>. The compound statement may be part of a <a href="function_definition.html" title="c/language/function definition">function definition</a>.
</li><li> In <a href="initialization.html" title="c/language/initialization">initialization</a>, delimit the initializers.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".5B_.5D"> <code>[</code> <code>]</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Subscript" title="c/language/operator member access">Subscript operator</a>.
</li><li> Part of <a href="declarations.html#Declarators" title="c/language/declarations">array declarator</a> in a <a href="declarations.html" title="c/language/declarations">declaration</a> or a <a href="compatible_type.html#Type_names" title="c/language/type">type-id</a>.
</li><li> In <a href="initialization.html" title="c/language/initialization">initialization</a>, introduce a designator for an array element. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="attributes.html" title="c/language/attributes">attribute specifier</a>, delimit the attributes. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(since C23)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".23"> <code>#</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Introduce a <a href="../preprocessor.html" title="c/preprocessor">preprocessing directive</a>.
</li><li> The <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html#.23_and_.23.23_operators" title="c/preprocessor/replace">preprocessing operator for stringification</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".23.23"> <code>##</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> The <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html#.23_and_.23.23_operators" title="c/preprocessor/replace">preprocessing operator for token pasting</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".28_.29"> <code>(</code> <code>)</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> In a expression, <a href="expressions.html#Primary_expressions" title="c/language/expressions">indicate grouping</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_other.html#Function_call" title="c/language/operator other">Function call operator</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="sizeof.html" title="c/language/sizeof"><code>sizeof</code></a><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-c11"><span> or <a href="_Alignof.html" title="c/language/ Alignof"><code>_Alignof</code></a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span></span></span> expression, delimit the operand.
</li><li> In a <a href="cast.html" title="c/language/cast">explicit cast</a>, delimit the type-id.
</li><li> In a <a href="compound_literal.html" title="c/language/compound literal">compound literal</a>, delimit the type-id. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="declarations.html" title="c/language/declarations">declaration</a> or a <a href="compatible_type.html#Type_names" title="c/language/type">type-id</a>, indicate grouping.
</li><li> In a <a href="function_declaration.html" title="c/language/function declaration">function declarator</a> (in a <a href="declarations.html" title="c/language/declarations">declaration</a> or a <a href="compatible_type.html#Type_names" title="c/language/type">type-id</a>), delimit the parameter list.
</li><li> In a <a href="if.html" title="c/language/if"><code>if</code></a>, <a href="switch.html" title="c/language/switch"><code>switch</code></a>, <a href="while.html" title="c/language/while"><code>while</code></a>, <a href="do.html" title="c/language/do"><code>do-while</code></a>, or <a href="for.html" title="c/language/for"><code>for</code></a> statement, delimit the controlling clause.
</li><li> In a <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html#Function-like_macros" title="c/preprocessor/replace">function-like macro definition</a>, delimit the macro parameters.
</li><li> Part of a <code>defined</code><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-c23"><span>, <code>__has_include</code>, or <code>__has_c_attribute</code></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(since C23)</span></span></span> preprocessing operator.
</li><li> Part of a <a href="generic.html" title="c/language/generic">generic selection expression</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span>
</li><li> In an <a href="atomic.html" title="c/language/atomic"><code>_Atomic</code></a> type specifier, delimit the type-id. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="static_assert.html" title="c/language/ Static assert">static assertion declaration</a>, delimit the operands. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span>
</li><li> In an <a href="_Alignas.html" title="c/language/ Alignas"><code>_Alignas</code></a> specifier, delimit the operand. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span>
</li><li> In an <a href="attributes.html" title="c/language/attributes">attribute</a>, delimit the attribute arguments. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(since C23)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3B"> <code>;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Indicate the end of
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="statements.html" title="c/language/statements">statement</a> (including the init-statement of a for statement)
</li><li> a <a href="declarations.html" title="c/language/declarations">declaration</a> or <span class="t-spar">struct-declaration-list</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> Separate the second and third clauses of a <a href="for.html" title="c/language/for">for statement</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=":"> <code>:</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Part of <a href="operator_other.html#Conditional_operator" title="c/language/operator other">conditional operator</a>.
</li><li> Part of <a href="statements.html#Labels" title="c/language/statements">label declaration</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="bit_field.html" title="c/language/bit field">bit-field member declaration</a>, introduce the width.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="..."> <code>...</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> In the <a href="function_declaration.html#Parameter_list" title="c/language/function declaration">parameter list</a> of a function declarator, signify a <a href="variadic.html" title="c/language/variadic">variadic function</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html" title="c/preprocessor/replace">macro definition</a>, signify a variadic macro. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3F"> <code>?</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Part of <a href="operator_other.html#Conditional_operator" title="c/language/operator other">conditional operator</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="generic.html" title="c/language/generic">generic association</a>, delimit the type-id or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw1">default</span></span></span> and the selected expression. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="::"> <code>::</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> In a <a href="attributes.html" title="c/language/attributes">attribute</a>, indicate attribute scope. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(since C23)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="."> <code>.</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Member_access" title="c/language/operator member access">Member access operator</a>.
</li><li> In <a href="initialization.html" title="c/language/initialization">initialization</a>, introduce a designator for a struct/union member. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="-.3E"> <code>-&gt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Member_access_through_pointer" title="c/language/operator member access">Member access operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7E"> <code>~</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_logic" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Unary complement operator (a.k.a. bitwise not operator)</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".21"> <code>!</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_logical.html#Logical_NOT" title="c/language/operator logical">Logical not operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2B"> <code>+</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Unary_arithmetic" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Unary plus operator</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Additive_operators" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Binary plus operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="-"> <code>-</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Unary_arithmetic" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Unary minus operator</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Additive_operators" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Binary minus operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2A"> <code>*</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Dereference" title="c/language/operator member access">Indirection operator</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Multiplicative_operators" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Multiplication operator</a>.
</li><li> Pointer operator operator in a <a href="declarations.html#Declarators" title="c/language/declarations">declarator</a> or in a <a href="compatible_type.html#Type_names" title="c/language/type">type-id</a>.
</li><li> Placeholder for the length of a variable-length array declarator in a <a href="function_declaration.html" title="c/language/function declaration">function declaration</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2F"> <code>/</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Multiplicative_operators" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Division operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".25"> <code>%</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Multiplicative_operators" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Modulo operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".5E"> <code>^</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_logic" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise xor operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".26"> <code>&amp;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Address_of" title="c/language/operator member access">Address-of operator</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_logic" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise and operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7C"> <code>|</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_logic" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise or operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3D"> <code>=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Simple_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Simple assignment operator</a>.
</li><li> In <a href="initialization.html" title="c/language/initialization">initialization</a>, delimit the object and the initializer list.
</li><li> In a <a href="enum.html" title="c/language/enum">enum definition</a>, introduce the value of enumeration constant.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2B.3D"> <code>+=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="-.3D"> <code>-=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2A.3D"> <code>*=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2F.3D"> <code>/=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".25.3D"> <code>%=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".5E.3D"> <code>^=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".26.3D"> <code>&amp;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7C.3D"> <code>|=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3D.3D"> <code>==</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html#Equality_operators" title="c/language/operator comparison">Equality operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".21.3D"> <code>!=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html#Equality_operators" title="c/language/operator comparison">Inequality operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C"> <code>&lt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html#Relational_operators" title="c/language/operator comparison">Less-than operator</a>.
</li><li> Introduce a header name in a <a href="../preprocessor/include.html" title="c/preprocessor/include"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="co2">#include</span></span></span> directive</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3E"> <code>&gt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html#Relational_operators" title="c/language/operator comparison">Greater-than operator</a>.
</li><li> Indicate the end of a header name in a <a href="../preprocessor/include.html" title="c/preprocessor/include"><code>#include</code> directive</a>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C.3D"> <code>&lt;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html#Relational_operators" title="c/language/operator comparison">Less-than-or-equal-to operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3E.3D"> <code>&gt;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html#Relational_operators" title="c/language/operator comparison">Greater-than-or-equal-to operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".26.26"> <code>&amp;&amp;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_logical.html#Logical_AND" title="c/language/operator logical">Logical and operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7C.7C"> <code>||</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_logical.html#Logical_OR" title="c/language/operator logical">Logical or operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C.3C"> <code>&lt;&lt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Shift_operators" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise shift operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3E.3E"> <code>&gt;&gt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Shift_operators" title="c/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise shift operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C.3C.3D"> <code>&lt;&lt;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3E.3E.3D"> <code>&gt;&gt;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html#Compound_assignment" title="c/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2B.2B"> <code>++</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="c/language/operator incdec">Increment operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="--"> <code>--</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="c/language/operator incdec">Decrement operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2C"> <code>,</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_other.html#Comma_operator" title="c/language/operator other">Comma operator</a>.
</li><li> List separator in
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> the declarator list in a <a href="declarations.html" title="c/language/declarations">declaration</a>
</li><li> initializer list in <a href="initialization.html" title="c/language/initialization">initialization</a><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-c99"><span>, including <a href="compound_literal.html" title="c/language/compound literal">compound literals</a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span></span></span>
</li><li> the argument list in a <a href="operator_other.html#Function_call" title="c/language/operator other">function call expression</a>
</li><li> the enumerator list in a <a href="enum.html" title="c/language/enum">enum</a> declaration
</li><li> the macro parameter list in a <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html#Function-like_macros" title="c/preprocessor/replace">function-like macro definition</a>
</li><li> the generic association list in a <a href="generic.html" title="c/language/generic">generic selection expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span>
</li><li> an <a href="attributes.html" title="c/language/attributes">attribute</a> list <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(since C23)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> In a <a href="static_assert.html" title="c/language/ Static assert">static assertion declaration</a>, separate the arguments. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="generic.html" title="c/language/generic">generic selection expression</a>, seperate the controlling expression and the generic association list. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-17">
<ul><li> C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.4.6 Punctuators (p: 52-53)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.4.6 Punctuators (p: 72-73)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.4.6 Punctuators (p: 63-64)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 3.1.6 Punctuators 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <a href="operator_alternative.html" title="c/language/operator alternative"> Alternative representations</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span>
</td>
<td>  alternative spellings for certain operators</td></tr>

</table>

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